Kerala - Travel Guide

Kerala, a slender coastal strip in the southwestern tip of India, is a tropical paradise renowned for its breathtaking natural beauty, rich cultural heritage, and diverse wildlife. Often referred to as 'God's Own Country', Kerala is a destination that embodies the essence of India, with its lush green landscapes, serene backwaters, and exotic wildlife. From the majestic Western Ghats to the tranquil Arabian Sea, Kerala's unique geography has created a plethora of landscapes that cater to the diverse interests of travelers, whether they are adventure-seekers, nature lovers, or those seeking spiritual enlightenment. With its warm and welcoming people, delicious cuisine, and vibrant festivals, Kerala is an ideal destination for anyone looking to experience the authentic charm of India. Kerala's tourism scene is a treasure trove of experiences, with something to offer for every kind of traveler. The state's famous backwaters, a network of tranquil waterways and lakes, provide a perfect setting for a relaxing houseboat cruise, while the Western Ghats offer ample opportunities for trekking, hiking, and wildlife spotting. The beautiful beaches of Kovalam, Varkala, and Mararikulam are perfect for sunbathing, swimming, and water sports, while the historic cities of Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, and Thrissur are a treasure trove of cultural and historical landmarks. With its Ayurvedic spas, yoga retreats, and meditation centers, Kerala is also a popular destination for wellness and spiritual tourism, offering a unique opportunity to rejuvenate the body, mind, and soul in a serene and peaceful environment. Whether you are looking for adventure, relaxation, or spiritual growth, Kerala is a destination that is sure to leave you enchanted and inspired.

History

In the verdant embrace of the Western Ghats, where the languid backwaters whisper secrets to the shore, lies the enchanting land of Kerala, a tale of ancient grandeur and timeless beauty. The history of Kerala is a rich tapestry, woven from the threads of diverse cultures, each leaving an indelible mark on the fabric of this coastal state. It begins with the ancient Dravidians, who first inhabited this land over 3,000 years ago, bringing with them a deep understanding of the natural world and a profound spirituality that still resonates in the temples and festivals of today. The arrival of the Jews, Christians, and Muslims, each fleeing persecution or seeking trade, added layers to Kerala's cultural heritage, as did the later influences of European colonizers, who left behind a legacy of forts, churches, and a unique blend of architectural styles. Through the ages, Kerala has been a crossroads of commerce and ideas, with the spice routes bringing wealth and wisdom from far-flung lands. The Kingdom of Chera, which flourished from the 3rd century BCE to the 12th century CE, marked a golden era in Kerala's history, notable for its significant contributions to art, literature, and science. The subsequent rule of the Zamorins of Calicut and the Kochin Kingdom further enriched the cultural and economic landscape. Yet, Kerala's story is not just one of grand kingdoms and foreign influences; it is also a story of resilience, of a people who have faced numerous challenges, from natural disasters to social upheavals, and have emerged stronger, their spirit unbroken. Today, Kerala stands as a testament to the power of diversity and the human spirit, a place where ancient traditions thrive alongside modern aspirations, where the past and the present blend seamlessly into a vibrant, living culture.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Kerala, India is from September to February, with the winter months from December to February being the peak tourist season. During this period, the weather is pleasant, with mild temperatures and low humidity, making it ideal for exploring the state's numerous attractions. The summer months from March to May are hot and humid, while the monsoon season from June to August can be quite wet, with heavy rainfall and potential flooding.

Why This is the Best Time

The reasons for visiting Kerala during this time are numerous. The weather is a major factor, with comfortable temperatures ranging from 20 to 30 degrees Celsius, allowing visitors to enjoy the state's beautiful beaches, backwaters, and hill stations. Additionally, the winter months coincide with several festivals and events, such as the Cochin Carnival and the Kerala Boat Festival, which showcase the state's rich culture and traditions. The crowds are also relatively smaller compared to the peak summer months, making it easier to explore popular destinations like Fort Kochi, Munnar, and Alleppey. Furthermore, the cooler weather makes it an ideal time for outdoor activities like trekking, birdwatching, and wildlife spotting, while the scenic beauty of the state is at its best, with lush green landscapes and vibrant flowers in full bloom.

Things to Do and See

1. Explore the Backwaters of Alleppey

Kerala's backwaters are a network of tranquil canals, lakes, and rivers that offer a glimpse into the state's unique ecosystem. Take a houseboat cruise through the backwaters of Alleppey, watching local villagers go about their daily lives, and spotting exotic birds and aquatic life along the way.

2. Visit the Tea Plantations of Munnar

Munnar is a picturesque hill station in Kerala, famous for its lush tea plantations. Take a stroll through the rolling hills, learn about the tea-making process, and enjoy the breathtaking scenery. Don't miss the opportunity to taste some of the world's best tea at its source.

3. Relax on the Beaches of Kovalam

Kovalam is a popular beach destination in Kerala, known for its golden sand and crystal-clear waters. Relax on the beach, take a dip in the ocean, and enjoy the local seafood. You can also try your hand at water sports like surfing and parasailing.

4. Trek to the Top of Anamudi Peak

For adventure-seekers, Kerala offers plenty of opportunities for trekking and hiking. Anamudi Peak, the highest point in Kerala, offers breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape. Trek through the lush forests, spotting exotic wildlife and taking in the stunning scenery.

5. Experience the Culture of Kochi

Kochi is a vibrant city in Kerala, known for its rich cultural heritage. Visit the Fort Kochi area, with its colonial architecture and historic landmarks like the Chinese Fishing Nets and St. Francis Church. Don't miss the opportunity to watch a traditional Kathakali dance performance, a unique and fascinating aspect of Kerala's culture.

6. Take a Wildlife Safari in Periyar National Park

Periyar National Park is one of the most famous wildlife reserves in India, home to a wide range of animals including elephants, tigers, and monkeys. Take a guided safari tour through the park, spotting wildlife in their natural habitat and learning about the conservation efforts in place.

7. Visit the Athirapally Waterfalls

The Athirapally Waterfalls are a breathtaking sight, located in the Sholayar forest range. The waterfalls are surrounded by lush greenery, and the sound of the water crashing against the rocks is mesmerizing. Take a short hike to the base of the falls, and enjoy a refreshing swim in the natural pool.

8. Explore the Historic City of Trivandrum

Trivandrum, the capital city of Kerala, is a treasure trove of history and culture. Visit the Padmanabhaswamy Temple, one of the richest temples in the world, and explore the nearby Napier Museum and Art Gallery. Don't miss the opportunity to visit the stunning Kovalam Palace, a beautiful example of traditional Kerala architecture.

9. Enjoy the Local Cuisine

Kerala is famous for its delicious cuisine, which includes dishes like idlis, dosas, and sadya. Be sure to try some of the local specialties, like the traditional Kerala feast, which includes a wide range of dishes served on a banana leaf. Don't forget to wash it down with a cup of strong Kerala coffee or tea.

10. Attend a Traditional Ayurveda Spa

Kerala is the birthplace of Ayurveda, an ancient system of traditional medicine. Treat yourself to a rejuvenating spa experience, with a range of treatments like massages, facials, and meditation sessions. Learn about the principles of Ayurveda, and take home some tips for maintaining a healthy and balanced lifestyle.

11. Visit the Bekal Fort

The Bekal Fort is a historic landmark located in the Kasaragod district of Kerala. This 16th-century fort is one of the largest and best-preserved forts in the state, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape. Explore the fort's walls, bastions, and tunnels, and learn about its rich history and significance.

12. Go on a Spice Plantation Tour

Kerala is famous for its spice plantations, which produce a wide range of spices like pepper, cardamom, and cinnamon. Take a guided tour of a spice plantation, learning about the different types of spices, how they are cultivated and harvested, and their various uses in cooking and medicine.

Food & Dining

Kerala, a tropical paradise in southern India, is renowned for its diverse and delectable local cuisine, which is a perfect blend of spices, spices, and fresh ingredients. The state's unique cultural heritage is reflected in its culinary traditions, with a focus on fresh seafood, coconut, and locally-sourced produce. From spicy curries to fragrant biryanis, and from crispy snacks to sweet desserts, Kerala's food scene is a haven for food lovers, offering a wide range of options to suit every taste and preference.

Must-Try Local Dishes

1. Sadhya – A traditional Kerala feast served on a banana leaf, featuring a variety of dishes such as parippu, sambar, rasam, and avial, accompanied by a range of sweet and savory treats
2. Idiyappam – Steamed rice noodles served with a flavorful and spicy curt, made with coconut milk, chilies, and a blend of spices, perfect for a light and satisfying breakfast
3. Puttu – A traditional breakfast dish made from steamed rice flour, coconut, and spices, often served with a side of kadala curry or banana
4. Appam – Thin, crispy rice and coconut milk pancakes, often served with a sweet or savory filling, such as egg, meat, or vegetable stew
5. Idli – Steamed rice cakes, soft and fluffy on the inside, and crispy on the outside, typically served with a side of sambar and chutney
6. Dosa – Fermented rice and lentil crepes, crispy on the outside, and soft on the inside, often served with a variety of fillings, such as spiced potatoes, onions, and chutneys
7. Vada – Crispy fried lentil doughnuts, often served with a side of sambar and chutney, perfect for a crunchy and savory snack
8. Erissery – A traditional Kerala curry made with pumpkin, coconut, and spices, often served with steamed rice or roti
9. Thoran – A stir-fry made with a variety of vegetables, such as cabbage, carrots, and beans, cooked with coconut, chilies, and spices
10. Kerala Biriyani – A flavorful and aromatic rice dish made with a blend of spices, basmati rice, and marinated meat or vegetables, perfect for a special occasion or celebration
11. Payasam – A traditional Kerala dessert made with milk, sugar, and a variety of ingredients, such as rice, lentils, or fruit, often served at special occasions and festivals

Shopping

Kerala, a tropical paradise in southwestern India, is a shopper's haven, offering a diverse array of unique and exotic items that reflect the state's rich cultural heritage. From bustling markets and street bazaars to upscale malls and specialty stores, Kerala's shopping scene is a sensory delight, with a kaleidoscope of colors, sounds, and aromas that will leave you enchanted. Whether you're looking for traditional handicrafts, exquisite jewelry, or contemporary fashion, Kerala has something for everyone. As you wander through the streets of Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, or Munnar, you'll discover a treasure trove of shopping opportunities, from intricately carved wooden masks and delicate lacework to fragrant spices, teas, and coffees. With its blend of traditional and modern shopping experiences, Kerala is the perfect destination for those seeking to indulge in some retail therapy, take home memorable souvenirs, and experience the warm hospitality of the Indian people.

Popular Things to Buy

• Kasavu Sarees - traditional Kerala sarees with golden borders
• Wooden Masks - intricately carved masks depicting mythological characters
• Spices - aromatic spices like cardamom, cinnamon, and pepper
• Kerala Tea - specialty teas like black, green, and white tea
• Coffees - Arabica and Robusta coffee beans
• Coconut Shell Crafts - decorative items made from coconut shells
• Kathakali Masks - colorful masks used in traditional Kathakali dance
• Lacework - delicate lace products like tablecloths and clothing
• Aromatherapy Oils - essential oils like lemongrass and eucalyptus
• Handmade Jewelry - intricate gold and silver ornaments
• Bell Metal Products - decorative items made from bell metal like vases and figurines

Nearby Attractions

• Backwaters of Alleppey – Experience the serene beauty of Kerala's backwaters with a houseboat cruise in Alleppey, surrounded by lush greenery and vibrant village life
• Munnar Tea Plantations – Discover the rolling hills and tea estates of Munnar, where you can trek, bike, or simply soak in the breathtaking scenery and fresh mountain air
• Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary – Venture into the heart of Kerala's wilderness at Periyar, home to elephants, tigers, and exotic birds, with guided treks and boat safaris
• Kovalam Beach – Unwind on the picturesque shores of Kovalam, where golden sand meets crystal-clear waters and stunning sunsets, perfect for relaxation and water sports
• Fort Kochi – Step into the historic charm of Fort Kochi, with its colonial architecture, vibrant markets, and cultural landmarks like the iconic Chinese fishing nets
• Athirapally Falls – Marvel at the majestic Athirapally Falls, a breathtaking cascade of water surrounded by lush tropical forests and exotic wildlife
• Thekkady Spice Plantations – Explore the aromatic world of spices in Thekkady, where you can discover the secrets of cardamom, pepper, and other local flavors on a guided plantation tour
• Vagamon Meadows – Escape to the rolling green meadows of Vagamon, a tranquil hill station with stunning vistas, trekking trails, and picturesque villages to discover
• Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary – Delve into the fascinating world of ornithology at Kumarakom, a haven for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts, with over 180 species of birds to spot
• Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary – Embark on a thrilling adventure in Wayanad, where you can trek, camp, and spot wildlife like elephants, leopards, and bears in their natural habitat
• Thiruvananthapuram Padmanabhaswamy Temple – Visit the magnificent Padmanabhaswamy Temple in Thiruvananthapuram, one of India's richest and most sacred temples, with stunning architecture and ancient traditions

Travel Options

By Road / Car / Bike

Traveling to Kerala by road is a scenic and adventurous option, with several national highways connecting the state to major cities in India. The most popular route is via National Highway 66, which runs along the western coast of India and passes through major cities like Mumbai, Goa, and Kochi. The road conditions are generally good, with some stretches of excellent highways and others with more traffic and potholes. The journey can take around 24-30 hours from Mumbai, 18-22 hours from Bangalore, and 12-15 hours from Chennai, depending on the traffic and the number of stops you make along the way. You can also hire a car or bike and drive down to Kerala, which gives you the flexibility to stop at your own pace and enjoy the scenic views. However, it's essential to check the road conditions, weather forecast, and traffic updates before embarking on your journey. Additionally, consider hiring a driver or joining a road trip group if you're not familiar with the route or prefer a hassle-free journey.

By Train

Kerala has an excellent rail network, with several major railway stations like Thiruvananthapuram, Ernakulam, and Kozhikode connecting the state to other parts of India. You can take a train from major cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, and Bangalore to reach Kerala. The journey by train is comfortable and scenic, with options ranging from budget-friendly sleeper class to luxurious AC coaches. The train journey can take around 24-30 hours from Mumbai, 18-22 hours from Delhi, and 12-15 hours from Chennai, depending on the type of train and class of travel. Some popular trains to Kerala include the Rajdhani Express, Duronto Express, and Kerala Express. It's recommended to book your tickets in advance, especially during peak travel seasons, and to check the train schedule and availability before planning your trip.

By Air

Flying to Kerala is the fastest and most convenient way to reach the state, with three international airports - Cochin International Airport (COK), Calicut International Airport (CCJ), and Thiruvananthapuram International Airport (TRV) - connecting the state to major cities in India and abroad. You can take a flight from major cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, and Bangalore to reach Kerala, with flight durations ranging from 1-3 hours. Several airlines operate flights to Kerala, including IndiGo, SpiceJet, Air India, and Emirates, among others. Once you arrive at the airport, you can hire a taxi or take a bus or train to reach your destination. It's recommended to book your flights in advance, especially during peak travel seasons, and to check the flight schedule and availability before planning your trip.

By Bus

Traveling to Kerala by bus is a budget-friendly and convenient option, with several government and private bus operators connecting the state to major cities in India. You can take a bus from cities like Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, and Hyderabad to reach Kerala, with journey durations ranging from 12-24 hours. The bus journey can be tiring, but it's a great way to see the scenic views and experience the local culture. Some popular bus operators to Kerala include KSRTC, SETC, and private operators like Kerala Lines and Kallada Travels. You can book your bus tickets online or at the bus station, and it's recommended to choose a reputable operator and check the bus schedule and availability before planning your trip.

Travel Tips

When traveling to Kerala, it's essential to plan ahead and book your tickets and accommodations in advance, especially during peak travel seasons. Be sure to check the weather forecast and road conditions before embarking on your journey, and consider hiring a driver or joining a tour group if you're not familiar with the route or prefer a hassle-free journey. Additionally, don't forget to try the local cuisine, including fresh seafood, spicy curries, and traditional dishes like idlis and dosas. Respect the local culture and customs, and be mindful of your surroundings and personal belongings, especially in crowded areas. Finally, consider purchasing travel insurance to cover any unexpected medical or travel-related expenses, and have a safe and enjoyable trip to Kerala.

Accommodation

Kerala, India, is a tropical paradise with a wide range of accommodation options to suit all budgets and preferences. From luxurious resorts and hotels to budget-friendly guesthouses and homestays, Kerala has something for everyone. The state is known for its beautiful backwaters, lush green hills, and pristine beaches, making it an ideal destination for nature lovers and those seeking relaxation. Whether you're looking for a romantic getaway, a family vacation, or a solo adventure, Kerala's diverse accommodation options are sure to meet your needs.

Top 10 Recommended Accommodations

1. Taj Malabar Resort & Spa – A 5-star resort located on the Willingdon Island in Kochi, offering stunning views of the harbor and luxurious amenities
2. The Leela Kovalam Beach Hotel – A 5-star hotel situated on a cliff overlooking the Kovalam beach, providing luxurious rooms and world-class facilities
3. Kumarakom Lake Resort – A 5-star resort located on the shores of the Vembanad Lake, offering luxurious villas and a range of recreational activities
4. The Zuri Kumarakom – A 5-star resort situated on the banks of the Vembanad Lake, providing luxurious rooms and a relaxing atmosphere
5. Vivanta by Taj - Malabar – A 5-star hotel located in the heart of Kochi, offering luxurious rooms and modern amenities
6. The Kochi Marriott Hotel – A 5-star hotel situated in the heart of Kochi, providing luxurious rooms and world-class facilities
7. Spice Village – A 4-star resort located in the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, offering luxurious cottages and a range of outdoor activities
8. Cardamom County – A 4-star resort situated in the Thekkady district, providing luxurious rooms and a range of recreational activities
9. Poovar Island Resort – A 4-star resort located on a private island in the Poovar backwaters, offering luxurious villas and a relaxing atmosphere
10. Marari Beach Resort – A 4-star resort situated on the Marari beach, providing luxurious villas and a range of recreational activities
11. Tranquil Resort – A 3-star resort located in the Wayanad district, offering luxurious rooms and a range of outdoor activities

Facilities & Information

Kerala, a state in southwestern India, offers a wide range of facilities for tourists, including well-equipped hospitals, modern transportation systems, and numerous government offices to cater to various needs. The state is known for its beautiful beaches, backwaters, and hill stations, making it a popular destination for travelers. Kerala Tourism Development Corporation (KTDC) is the primary agency responsible for promoting and regulating tourism in the state, providing valuable resources and assistance to visitors.

Government Offices & Important Facilities

• Kerala Tourism Development Corporation (KTDC) – Primary agency for promoting and regulating tourism in Kerala
• District Tourism Promotion Council (DTPC) – Local tourism boards for each district, providing information and assistance
• Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) – Government-run bus service for transportation within the state
• Department of Immigration – Handles foreigner registration and visa-related services
• Kerala Police Tourism Cell – Specialized unit for tourist safety and assistance
• Department of Revenue and District Administration – Deals with land revenue, disaster management, and other administrative matters
• Kerala Forest Department – Responsible for conservation and management of forests and wildlife sanctuaries
• Department of Health and Family Welfare – Oversees public health services, hospitals, and medical facilities

Other Useful Information

For medical emergencies, tourists can contact hospitals like Thiruvananthapuram Medical College, Kottayam Medical College, or Ernakulam General Hospital. In case of police emergencies, dial 100 or contact the Kerala Police Tourism Cell. Major banks like State Bank of India, ICICI Bank, and Axis Bank have branches throughout the state. Important phone numbers include 101 for fire services, 102 for ambulance services, and 181 for women's helpline. The state also has a well-organized network of internet cafes, post offices, and money exchange services.